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Educational only — not tax, legal, or investment advice. Whether two funds are “substantially identical” depends on facts and circumstances; the IRS has not published a bright-line test for ETFs. Consult a qualified tax professional before you trade.

Swap finder › Leveraged / inverse

PSQ tax-loss harvesting alternatives

ProShares Short QQQ (ProShares) tracks NASDAQ 100 Index. If you hold PSQ at a loss, these ETFs track a different index, which generally makes them less likely to be considered “substantially identical” — while still moving closely with PSQ during the 31-day wait.

Held fundIndex trackedIssuerExpense ratioAUMHoldingsCategory
PSQ-1x inverse
ProShares Short QQQ
NASDAQ 100 IndexProShares0.95%$596.82M18Leveraged / inverse

Sources: issuer fund page · public fund profile. Fund data as of 2026-10-16.

Leveraged / inverse fund. These funds reset daily and can behave very differently from the index over weeks. Two leveraged funds on the same index (e.g. a 2x and a 3x, or two 3x funds from different issuers) may still be viewed by some as substantially identical — there is no IRS ruling either way. The alternatives below are limited to funds on a different index with similar leverage in the same direction.

PSQ wash sale alternatives (different index)

ETFIndex trackedIssuerExpense ratioAUM1-yr correlationHoldings overlapNotes
SDS-2x inverse
ProShares UltraShort S&P 500
S&P 500ProShares0.91%$350.29M0.926n/adifferent indexdifferent leverage
SH-1x inverse
ProShares Short S&P500
S&P 500ProShares0.88%$963.51M0.924n/adifferent index

Sorted by 1-year correlation of daily total returns with PSQ (through 2026-10-16). Holdings overlap = sum of the smaller weight of each common stock, from issuer holdings files; “n/a” where the issuer does not offer a free download or for bond/international/commodity funds. Hover a value for its as-of dates.

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Avoid as a replacement: same index as PSQ

These track the same index (NASDAQ 100 Index). Buying one of them within the window is the classic “substantially identical” risk.

ETFIndex trackedIssuerExpense ratioAUM1-yr correlationHoldings overlapNotes
SQQQ-3x inverse
ProShares UltraPro Short QQQ
NASDAQ 100 IndexProShares0.94%$1.98B1.000n/asame index — avoid

Unleveraged funds on the same index

These track NASDAQ 100 Index without leverage. Not suggested as swaps: a fund on the same index with different leverage is a gray area that some practitioners treat as potentially substantially identical.

ETFIndex trackedIssuerExpense ratioAUM1-yr correlationHoldings overlapNotes
QQQ
Invesco QQQ Trust Series I
NASDAQ 100 IndexInvesco0.18%$501.85B-0.999n/asame index, different leverage — gray area
QQQM
Invesco NASDAQ 100 ETF
NASDAQ 100 IndexInvesco0.15%$111.78B-1.000n/asame index, different leverage — gray area

30-day wash-sale calendar for PSQ

The window is 30 calendar days before and after the sale (61 days total, IRC §1091(a)). Buying the replacement fund right away is the point of a swap; the dates above are about buying back the fund you sold, or anything substantially identical to it.

Before you swap