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Educational only — not tax, legal, or investment advice. Whether two funds are “substantially identical” depends on facts and circumstances; the IRS has not published a bright-line test for ETFs. Consult a qualified tax professional before you trade.

Swap finder › Leveraged / inverse

SH tax-loss harvesting alternatives

ProShares Short S&P500 (ProShares) tracks S&P 500. If you hold SH at a loss, these ETFs track a different index, which generally makes them less likely to be considered “substantially identical” — while still moving closely with SH during the 31-day wait.

Held fundIndex trackedIssuerExpense ratioAUMHoldingsCategory
SH-1x inverse
ProShares Short S&P500
S&P 500ProShares0.88%$963.51M17Leveraged / inverse

Sources: issuer fund page · public fund profile. Fund data as of 2026-10-16.

Leveraged / inverse fund. These funds reset daily and can behave very differently from the index over weeks. Two leveraged funds on the same index (e.g. a 2x and a 3x, or two 3x funds from different issuers) may still be viewed by some as substantially identical — there is no IRS ruling either way. The alternatives below are limited to funds on a different index with similar leverage in the same direction.

SH wash sale alternatives (different index)

ETFIndex trackedIssuerExpense ratioAUM1-yr correlationHoldings overlapNotes
PSQ-1x inverse
ProShares Short QQQ
NASDAQ 100 IndexProShares0.95%$596.82M0.924n/adifferent index

Sorted by 1-year correlation of daily total returns with SH (through 2026-10-16). Holdings overlap = sum of the smaller weight of each common stock, from issuer holdings files; “n/a” where the issuer does not offer a free download or for bond/international/commodity funds. Hover a value for its as-of dates.

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Avoid as a replacement: same index as SH

These track the same index (S&P 500). Buying one of them within the window is the classic “substantially identical” risk.

ETFIndex trackedIssuerExpense ratioAUM1-yr correlationHoldings overlapNotes
SPXU-3x inverse
ProShares UltraPro Short S&P500
S&P 500ProShares0.90%$411.25M0.999n/asame index — avoid
SDS-2x inverse
ProShares UltraShort S&P 500
S&P 500ProShares0.91%$350.29M0.999n/asame index — avoid
SPXS-3x inverse
Direxion Daily S&P 500 Bear 3X ETF
S&P 500Direxion1.04%$338.04M0.999n/asame index — avoid

Unleveraged funds on the same index

These track S&P 500 without leverage. Not suggested as swaps: a fund on the same index with different leverage is a gray area that some practitioners treat as potentially substantially identical.

ETFIndex trackedIssuerExpense ratioAUM1-yr correlationHoldings overlapNotes
IVV
iShares Core S&P 500 ETF
S&P 500BlackRock0.03%$896.46B-0.998n/asame index, different leverage — gray area
SPY
State Street SPDR S&P 500 ETF
S&P 500State Street0.09%$821.83B-0.999n/asame index, different leverage — gray area
SPYM
State Street SPDR Portfolio S&P 500 ETF
S&P 500State Street0.02%$185.28B-0.999n/asame index, different leverage — gray area
VOO
Vanguard S&P 500 ETF
S&P 500Vanguard0.03%$1.06T-0.999n/asame index, different leverage — gray area

30-day wash-sale calendar for SH

The window is 30 calendar days before and after the sale (61 days total, IRC §1091(a)). Buying the replacement fund right away is the point of a swap; the dates above are about buying back the fund you sold, or anything substantially identical to it.

Before you swap